Allelopathic inhibition on red tide microalgae by five macroalgal extracts

This study aims to identify effective antialgal allelochemicals from marine macroalgae that inhibit the growth of red tide microalgae. Practically, new algicidal agents were developed to control red tide. The growth inhibitory effects of 5 marine macroalgae Porphyra tenera, Laminaria japonica, Ulva pertusa, Enteromorpha clathrata, and Undaria pinnatifida on Skeletonema costatum were evaluated by adding crude seawater extracts of macroalgal dry tissue into the culture medium containing S. costatum. The half-effective concentrations at 120 h (EC_{50, 120 h}) of the seawater extracts were 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 4.7 g/L for the five macroalgae above, respectively. E. clathrata, L. japonica and U. pertusa showed strong allelopathic effect on the growth of S. costatum. There have been no previous reports with regard to the allelopathic effects of the former two macroalgae so far. The possible allelochemicals of 21 compounds of the E. clathrata were detected using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Unsaturated fatty acids, acrylic acid (C₃H₄O₂), and linolenic acid (C₁₈H₃₀O₂) were the most likely allelochemicals in E. clathrata.     

生命周期环境成本核算方法研究

生命周期环境成本以成本企业作为进行生态产品设计的重要手段,但生命周期环境成本至今没有国际标准方法。本文对环境成本的分类、研究主体和研究动因进行了分析。对两种不同类型的生命周期环境成本核算方法进行了比较,认为基于环境影响评价结果的生命周期环境成本核算方法在国内具有较好的应用前景。     

钢铁行业生命周期碳排放核算及减排潜力评估

钢铁行业是中国碳密集度最高的工业行业之一,为分析钢铁行业生命周期碳排放及碳减排潜力,从生命周期角度构建碳排放核算模型,以2020年为例开展实证分析,通过优化废钢使用量、化石燃料燃烧量、电力碳足迹因子以及清洁运输比例4项变量,对钢铁行业生命周期碳减排潜力作预测评估,同时使用敏感性分析确定影响钢铁生命周期碳减排因素的关键程度.结果表明,2020年中国钢铁行业全生命周期二氧化碳(CO₂)排放总量约24.04亿t,其中原料获取和加工生产阶段是钢铁行业碳排放的关键环节,占钢铁行业生命周期CO₂排放总量的98%以上.从CO₂排放源类别分析,化石燃料节约和外购电力清洁化是钢铁行业降碳的重中之重.到2025年,通过推广低碳技术、优化电力结构、增加废钢炼钢量、提高清洁方式运输比例,分别可使钢铁行业实现20%、 6%、 5%和1%的碳减排潜力.化石燃料燃烧量对钢铁行业生命周期CO₂排放的影响最显著,电力碳足迹因子和废钢炼钢使用量次之.关于钢铁行业节能低碳技术,短期内以推广轧钢工序与高炉炼铁工序低碳技术为主,未来随着电炉...     

Effect of temperature on anoxic metabolism of nitrites to nitrous oxide by polyphosphate accumulating organisms

Temperature is an important physical factor, which strongly influences biomass and metabolic activity. In this study, the effects of temperature on the anoxic metabolism of nitrite(NO-2) to nitrous oxide(N2O) by polyphosphate accumulating organisms, and the process of the accumulation of N2O(during nitrite reduction), which acts as an electron acceptor, were investigated using 91% ± 4% Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis sludge. The results showed that N2O is accumulated when Accumulibacter first utilize nitrite instead of oxygen as the sole electron acceptor during the denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Properties such as nitrite reduction rate, phosphorus uptake rate, N2O reduction rate, and polyhydroxyalkanoate degradation rate were all influenced by temperature variation(over the range from 10 to 30°C reaching maximum values at 25°C). The reduction rate of N2O by N2O reductase was more sensitive to temperature when N2O was utilized as the sole electron acceptor instead of NO2, and the N2O reduction rates, ranging from 0.48 to 3.53 N2O-N/(hr·g VSS), increased to 1.45 to 8.60 mg N2O-N/(hr·g VSS). The kinetics processes for temperature variation of 10 to 30°C were(θ1 = 1.140–1.216 and θ2= 1.139–1.167). In the range of 10°C to 30°C, almost all of the anoxic stoichiometry was sensitive to temperature changes. In addition, a rise in N2O reduction activity leading to a decrease in N2O accumulation in long term operations at the optimal temperature(27°C calculated by the Arrhenius model).     

基于生命周期评价的钢结构与混凝土结构建筑环境性能比较

评价一个建筑的环境性能的好坏,必须充分考虑它的生命周期中的每一个阶段。建立了建筑物的生命周期清单分析模型,并对某钢结构建筑和某混凝土建筑的生命周期清单分析结果进行了比较,结果表明,单从结构的生命周期清单分析结果,钢结构建筑相对于混凝土结构建筑有着较大的优越性,单位面积的建材生命周期环境排放仅为混凝土结构建筑的1/2左右,但是结构在建筑的整个生命周期里面只不到10%的比例,比例最大的是建筑使用阶段,影响建筑使用阶段空调能耗的主要因素是外围护结构的材料和形式,因此优化外围护结构的热工性能是当前我国建筑节能最主要的问题。     

遂宁市夏季大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

2019年7-8月在四川省遂宁市实验学校、遂宁中学、金鱼小学、石溪浩4个点位同步开展为期20d的挥发性有机物(VOCs)离线观测,分析了遂宁市VOCs浓度时空分布特征、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和VOCs主要来源。遂宁市TVOC体积浓度为39.4×10^-9,占比较高的组分为OVOCs和烷烃,体积浓度分别为15.6×10^-9和13.3×10^-9,占比分别为39.5%和33.6%。遂宁中学、金鱼小学、石溪浩24 h平均体积浓度分别为29.8 ×10^-9、58.4 ×10^-9、30.0×10^-9;加密点实验学校的小时平均浓度为22.9×10^-9。遂宁市总OFP为166.7 μg/m³,占比最大的为烯烃(33.1%)。实验学校、遂宁中学、金鱼小学、石溪浩OFP浓度分别为101.2、134.4、243.6、122.1 μg/m³。金鱼小学采样点位于工业园区下风向,受工业园区企业排放源影响,VOCs浓度和OFP值均明显高于其他点位。PMF模型源解析结果表明:遂宁市VOCs来源占比最大的为工业排放源,达32%;其次为机动车尾气源、燃烧源,占比均达17%;油气挥发源、天然源、溶剂使用源分别占13%、11%、10%。工业源、机动车尾气来源占比最高的均是金鱼小学,分别为39%、30%;天然源占比较高的是实验学校(13%)和石溪浩(10%)。     

Life-cycle assessment of two sewage sludge-to-energy systems based on different sewage sludge characteristics: Energy balance and greenhouse gas-emission footprint analysis

Anaerobic digestion and incineration are widely used sewage sludge(SS) treatment and disposal approaches to recovering energy from SS, but it is difficult to select a suitable technical process from the various technologies. In this study, life-cycle assessments were adopted to compare the energy-and greenhouse gas-(GHG) emission footprints of two sludge-to-energy systems. One system uses a combination of AD with incineration(the AI system),whereas the other was simplified by direct incineration...     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pethoxamid herbicide on Allium cepa cells and its molecular docking studies to unravel genotoxicity mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pethoxamid is chloroacetamide herbicide. Pethoxamid is commonly used to kill different weeds in various crops. Pethoxamid can leach in the water and...     

Correction to: Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pethoxamid herbicide on Allium cepa cells and its molecular docking studies to unravel genotoxicity mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

四川盆地冬季典型污染过程分析及应急减排效果评估

为探讨成都冬季污染过程成因,评估应急减排效果,以2019年12月成都发生的一次长时间污染过程为例,分析污染成因和典型污染物变化特征等,并对四川省启动预警的管控效果进行评估。结果表明:污染期间四川省PM_2.5平均质量浓度为77.9 μg/m³,高出冬季常态浓度1倍左右,成都峰值浓度高达176.0 μg/m³;盆地独特的地形和静稳小风的气象条件,加之高压脊控制影响,污染前期出现连续晴好天气,夜间逆温增强,污染物累积迅速,湿度增大导致污染物二次转化增强,是该次污染过程的重要外因;PM_2.5中硝酸根离子贡献最大(26.7%),NO_x及其二次转化的硝酸根离子是造成该次污染的主要原因;启动黄色预警后,NO₂及其转化后的硝酸根离子浓度以及PM_2.5浓度仍呈上升趋势,各类源贡献显著;升级橙色预警后,NO₂峰值浓度明显下降,硝酸根离子占PM_2.5的比例下降3.7个百分点,PM_2.5浓度上升趋势得到明显遏制;该次区域协同减排效果明显,区域PM_2.5日平均质量浓度下降9.1%~13.1%,区域性污染推迟1d出现,预警城市的重度污染、中度污染、轻度污染天数分别减少13、13、7 d;PM_2.5浓度下降主要来自于工业源、扬尘源和移动源的减排贡献,平均减排贡献比例分别为60.0%、31.3%和8.7%。